When zoning a flood plain, which of these zones would be closer to the river: industry or pasture for grazing?

In terms of UK planning and the Environment Agency’s flood risk vulnerability classifications, grazing land for pasture is usually placed closer to rivers than industrial land.

The NPPF classifies land according to flood risk vulnerability. The functional floodplain (Flood Zone 3b) is designated for water-compatible uses.

• Pasture for grazing: Classified as water-compatible. This type of use can withstand flooding and provides natural flood storage. It is therefore suitable for Flood Zone 3b, the area at highest risk and closest to the river.

• Industrial development: Classified as less vulnerable. Although more resilient than residential uses, industrial development involves machinery, pollutants, and economic activity requiring greater protection. It is generally directed to lower-risk areas such as Flood Zone 3a or Zone 2 and is not permitted in Flood Zone 3b unless water-dependent.

This reflects the Sequential Approach, directing less vulnerable development to areas of lower flood risk.